Optical disc recording method and optical disc

ABSTRACT

A recording method for an optical disc having at least three recording layers ( 11, 12, 13, 14 ), in which test recording areas are formed in the odd-numbered recording layers ( 11, 13 ) and the even-numbered recording layers ( 12, 14 ) in positions that are mutually non-overlapping in the thickness direction of the optical disc, the test recording areas in the odd-numbered recording layers are formed in positions mutually aligned in the thickness direction, and the test recording areas in the even-numbered recording layers are formed in positions mutually aligned in the thickness direction. The time for test recording for determining the optimal recording power can be shortened.

This application is a Divisional of co-pending application Ser. No.10/587,913 filed on Jul. 31, 2006, and for which priority is claimedunder 35 U.S.C. § 120; and this application claims priority ofPCT/JP2004/012089 filed Aug. 24, 2004 and of Application No. 2004-099616filed in Japan on Mar. 30, 2004 under 35 U.S.C. § 119; the entirecontents of all are hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an optical disc and to a recordingmethod for an optical disc. More particularly, the invention relates toa recording method for an optical disc with a plurality of recordinglayers, and to the recording of test data for determining the optimalrecording power in each recording layer. The invention also relates toan optical disc for use in recording by the above method, and to anoptical disc on which recording has been performed by the above method.

BACKGROUND ART

In conventional recording methods for optical discs having a pluralityof recording layers, when test recording is performed in the recordinglayers, test recording areas are formed in adjacent recording layers inlocations that overlap in the thickness direction. Moreover, the optimalrecording power is determined for each recording layer withoutconsideration of the effects of adjacent recording layers. Consequently,what is determined to be the optimal recording power sometimes differsslightly from the true value because of the effects of adjacent layers.

A proposed solution to this problem is to check the usage status of thetest areas in recording layers other than the layer in which information(user data) will be recorded, particularly in upper recording layers(disposed on the side toward the optical pickup), before performing thetest recording in the layer in which the information will be recorded(see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No.2000-311346 (FIGS. 1 to 8) DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to beSolved by the Invention

A problem with the method described in Patent Document 1 is that whentest recording is performed in one recording layer, since the usagestatus of test recording areas in other layers is checked, considerabletime must pass before recording can start.

An object of the present invention is to shorten the time preceding thestart of recording.

Means of Solution of the Problems

The invention provides a recording method for an optical disc having atleast three recording layers, the method including

a step of recording and reproducing test data for determining theoptimal recording power when user data are recorded in each recordinglayer, and determining the optimal recording power by evaluating thereproduction results, wherein

when test recording areas are formed by recording the test data, thetest recording areas in the odd-numbered recording layers and the testrecording areas in which the test data are recorded in the even-numberedrecording layers do not overlap in the thickness direction of theoptical disc, the test recording areas in the odd-numbered recordinglayers are mutually aligned in the thickness direction, and the testrecording layers in the even-numbered recording layers are mutuallyaligned in the thickness direction.

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION

Since test recording areas in mutually adjacent layers do not overlap inthis recording method, it is unnecessary to check the usage status ofadjacent recording layers when a test recording is made. The timepreceding the start of recording can accordingly be shortened. Anothereffect is that, as the test recording areas are disposed in only twoarrangements, one in the odd-numbered recording layers and another inthe even-numbered recording layers, when part of an optical disc isreserved for reproducing use only, the manufacturing process of theoptical disc can be simplified. Moreover, when the recording andreproducing device that performs the test recording has a control meansthat operates according to a computer program, the program can besimplified because only two types of processing are required, one forodd-numbered layers and one for even-numbered layers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an exemplary optical disc on whichrecording has been performed by a recording method according to a firstembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view through line II-II in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing an exemplary opticalrecording device used in practicing the recording method of the firstembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a recording procedure in the firstembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a test recording procedure in the firstembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a relationship between recording position andrecording power in a test recording area.

FIG. 7 shows a relationship between test recording position and jitter.

FIG. 8 illustrates heat transfer from a focused spot to each recordinglayer.

FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of another exemplary optical disc onwhich recording has been performed by a recording method according tothe first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view through line X-X in FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view of yet another exemplary optical discon which recording has been performed by a recording method according tothe first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view through line XII-XII in FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view of an exemplary optical disc on whichrecording has been performed by a recording method according to a secondembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic plan view of an exemplary optical disc on whichrecording has been performed by a recording method according to a thirdembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 15 shows an example of a relationship between recording positionand recording power in a test recording area in a coarse adjustment in arecording method according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 16 shows an example of a relationship between test recordingposition and jitter in the coarse adjustment in the recording methodaccording to a fourth embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 17 shows an example of a relationship between recording positionand recording power in a test recording area in a fine adjustment in therecording method according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 18 shows an example of a relationship between test recordingposition and jitter in the fine adjustment in the recording methodaccording to a fourth embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing a recording procedure in the coarseadjustment in the fourth embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a recording procedure in the fineadjustment in the fourth embodiment of the invention.

EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS

1, 2 optical disc, 11-14 recording layers, 20 user data area, 21-24 testrecording areas, 30 management area, 31-34 non-recording areas, 41-44reproduce-only areas, 52 optical pickup, 55 laser driving circuit, 56servo control circuit, 58 central control circuit, 66 test patterngenerating circuit, 67 reproducing circuit, 68 jitter detecting circuit.

BEST MODE OF PRACTICING THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below withreference to the drawings.

First Embodiment

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an exemplary optical disc on whichtest data have been recorded by a recording method according to a firstembodiment of this invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional viewthrough line II-II in FIG. 1, showing the positional relationships ofthe test recording areas in each layer.

In the optical disc 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, four recording layers, areformed: a first recording layer 11, a second recording layer 12, a thirdrecording layer 13, and a fourth recording layer 14, in order of theirdistance from the surface (the side facing the optical pickup). In eachof the first, second, third, fourth recording layers 11, 12, 13, 14,test data are recorded to determine the optimal recording power for eachrecording layer, forming test recording areas 21, 22, 23, 24.

In the odd-numbered recording layers (which may be simply referred to asodd-numbered layers below) as counted from the surface (the lower sidein FIG. 2, near the optical pickup described below), these being thefirst and third recording layers 11 and 13, the test recording areas 21,23 are formed in positions mutually aligned in the thickness direction,both the starting points and the endpoints being aligned in thethickness direction; in the even-numbered recording layers (which may besimply referred to as even-numbered layers below), these being thesecond and fourth recording layers 12 and 14, the test recording areas22, 24 are likewise formed in positions mutually aligned in thethickness direction, both the starting points and the endpoints beingaligned in the thickness direction.

The test recording areas 21, 23 in the odd-numbered layers and the testrecording areas 22, 24 in the even-numbered layers are disposed inmutually non-overlapping positions.

Moreover, as shown in FIG. 1, the test recording areas in theodd-numbered and the test recording areas in the even-numbered layersare both formed near the inner edge of the optical disc, that is, nearthe innermost circumference 1 a.

The areas (facing areas) facing the test recording areas 21, 22, 23, 24,specifically, the areas 31, 32, 33, 34 aligned in the thicknessdirection and located in the adjacent recording layers, are areas inwhich test data are not recorded by an optical recording device(non-recording areas). In other words, the test recording areas 21 to 24are formed in positions facing the non-recording areas 31 to 34. Thenon-recording areas may be, for example, reproduce-only areas. Areproduce-only area includes pits that record, for example, recordingconditions for the optical disc such as its recommended write strategyparameters, a recommended asymmetry value, and a recommended wavelengthvalue; the data recorded in the reproduce-only area are usually readbefore a test recording is made, to determine the conditions of the testrecording.

When the facing areas are reproduce-only areas, the reproduce-only areasare formed when the optical disc is manufactured in positions that takethe arrangement of test recording areas 21 to 24 (the positions in whichtest recording areas 21 to 24 will be formed) into consideration so thatthe reproduce-only areas will face the test recording areas 21 to 24 asdescribed above.

The area 30 between the test recording areas 21 to 24 and thenon-recording areas 31 to 34 is used for recording disc management data,for example.

The greater part of the optical disc, excluding the non-recording areas31 to 34, the area 30 for recording management data, and the testrecording areas 21 to 24, is a recordable user data area 20.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an optical recording device usedin recording on the optical disc.

As shown in FIG. 3, this optical recording device includes an opticalpickup 52 that focuses a laser beam on a selected recording layer (oneof the recording layers 11 to 14) of the optical disc 1 and receives thereflected light, a laser driving circuit 55 that supplies laser drivingsignals to a laser 54 in the optical pickup 52, a servo control circuit56 that supplies objective lens driving signals to the optical pickup52, and a central control circuit 58 that controls the laser drivingcircuit 55 and servo control circuit 56.

The optical pickup 52 has a laser (a semiconductor laser, for example)54 that emits a laser beam for recording and reproducing information onthe optical disc 1, a collimating lens 61, a beam splitter 62 thatpasses the laser beam from the laser 54, directs the laser beam onto theoptical disc 1, and deflects the light reflected from the optical disc 1in a predetermined direction, an objective lens 63, a detection lens 64,and a photodetector 65 that converts the reflected light to anelectrical signal.

The servo control circuit 56 drives the objective lens 63 of the opticalpickup 52 to perform tracking control and focusing control according tooutput from the photodetector 65.

The laser driving circuit 55 controls the power of the laser beamemitted from the laser 54 by adjusting the level of current supplied tothe laser 54.

The optical recording device also includes a test pattern generatingcircuit 66, a reproducing circuit 67 that reproduces signals includinginformation detected by the photodetector 65, and a jitter detectingcircuit 68 that detects jitter in the reproduced signals output from thereproducing circuit 67.

In writing and reading, a desired recording layer is selected by afocusing control operation using the servo control circuit 56. Morespecifically, the beam is focused on the desired recording layer.

When test data are recorded, a test pattern is output to the laserdriving circuit 55 from the test pattern generating circuit 66. Thelaser driving circuit 55 receives a recording power command from thecentral control circuit 58, and supplies test pattern current to thelaser 54 at a level corresponding to the commanded optical power.

A laser beam corresponding to the test pattern current is emitted fromthe laser 54, passes through the collimating lens 61, beam splitter 62,and objective lens 63, and is focused so as to illuminate the selectedrecording layer (one of the recording layers 11, 12, 13, 14) of theoptical disc 1, and test data corresponding to the test pattern arerecorded in the recording layer.

When the recorded test data are reproduced, the laser driving circuit 55is given a reproducing power command by the central control circuit 58,and supplies current at a level corresponding to the reproducing powerto the laser 54. The laser beam emitted from the laser 54 passes throughthe collimating lens 61, beam splitter 62, and objective lens 63, and isfocused to illuminate the selected recording layer (one of the recordinglayers 11, 12, 13, 14) of the optical disc 1.

The light reflected from the selected recording layer passes through theobjective lens 63, is reflected in the beam splitter 62, passes throughthe detecting lens 64, is received by the photodetector 65, and isconverted to an electrical signal. The detected signal from thephotodetector 65 is output to the servo control circuit 56 and thereproducing circuit 67.

The servo control circuit 56 performs tracking control and focusingcontrol according to the detected signal.

The reproducing circuit 67 decodes and corrects errors in the detectedsignal, and outputs a reproduced signal. The reproduced signal from thereproducing circuit 67 is supplied to the jitter detecting circuit 68,which detects jitter in the reproduced signal.

The central control circuit 58 includes, for example, a centralprocessing unit (CPU) 58 a, a program memory 58 b that stores programsexecuted by the CPU, and a data memory 58 c that stores data. Theprograms stored in the program memory 58 b include programs forcontrolling the operations described below.

The above optical recording device can record not only user data butalso test data. A test recording is made by using the optical recordingdevice as described below.

A test recording is made before user data are recorded in each recordinglayer; part of each recording layer is designated as a test recordingarea. Test recording areas are designated in the alignments shown inFIGS. 1 and 2.

Referring to FIG. 4, the procedure for recording will be describedbelow.

The description will initially assume that a recording is to be made inthe first recording layer 11.

First, in step S1 the focal point (the spot of light) is moved to therecording layer in which the recording will be made: for example, thefirst recording layer 11. The central control circuit 58 gives the servocontrol circuit 56 information designating the target recording layerfor focusing control (the tracking target); the servo control circuit 56moves the objective lens 63 in a direction perpendicular to therecording surface of the optical disc according to this information.

Next, in step S2 the focal point is moved to the test recording area inthe recording layer: for example, test recording area 21. The centralcontrol circuit 58 gives the servo control circuit 56 information (atrack address) designating a target track for a seeking and trackingoperation; the servo control circuit 56 moves the objective lens 63 in adirection parallel to the recording surface of the optical discaccording to this information, and then detects a designated sector byto its sector address.

Next, in step S3 test data are recorded in the test recording area 21,and the optimal recording power is determined by reproducing the signalincluding the test data. Information indicating the optimal recordingpower is stored in the data memory 58 c in the central control circuit58.

In this specification, the procedure from step S1 to step S3 may besimply referred to as test recording.

User data are then recorded in the user data area 20 in the recordinglayer, using the optimal recording power stored in the data memory 58 cin step S4.

The procedure from step S1 to step S4 is also used in the otherrecording layers, specifically, the second to fourth recording layers 12to 14: user data are recorded (step S4) after a test recording (steps S1to S3). Before step S4 (the recording of user data) ends in onerecording layer, steps S1 to S3 (test recording) may be carried out inanother recording layer.

For example, if recordings are made in the first, second, third, andfourth recording layers in this order, a test recording may be made inthe second recording layer 12 before the recording of user data in thefirst recording layer 11 ends, e.g., between the recording of differentpieces of user data in the first recording layer 11. Similarly, a testrecording may be made in the third recording layer 13 before therecording of user data in the second recording layer 12 ends, e.g.,between the recording of different pieces of user data in the first andsecond recording layers 11 and 12. Similarly, a test recording may bemade in the fourth recording layer 14 before the recording of user datain the third recording layer 13 ends, e.g., between the recording ofdifferent pieces of user data.

Because the recording conditions that affect the optimal recording powerchange from time to time, however, the interval from when a testrecording is made in a recording layer to when the recording of userdata starts in that recording layer is preferably short. Mostpreferably, a test recording is made in a given recording layer justbefore the start of the recording of user data in that recording layer.

In the first to fourth recording layers, the test recording areas inwhich test data are recorded are disposed as described above withreference to FIGS. 1 and 2. When, for example, the central controlcircuit 58 designates an area in which test data are to be recorded by atrack address and a sector address, the track address and the sectoraddress are determined so as to give the alignment shown in FIGS. 1 and2.

FIG. 5 shows the details of the processing in step S3 in FIG. 4,specifically, the process of recording and reproducing test data in thetest recording areas, and the determination of the optimal recordingpower.

As shown in FIG. 5, first, test data are recorded in the test recordingarea in steps S11 to S14. Next, the recorded signal is reproduced instep S15. The optimal recording power is then determined according tothe reproduced signal in step S16.

When the test data are recorded in a test recording area, the recordingpower level is changed during the recording. In the example shown inFIG. 6, the recording power is decreased in steps. Therefore, therecording power is first set at an initial value (Pi) in step S11, aportion having a predetermined length is specified in the as yetunrecorded part (free space) of the test recording area (the area inwhich the test data are to be recorded), and test data are recorded inthe specified portion in step S12; then the recording power level ischanged, e.g., decreased, by a predetermined step width ΔP (theresolution of the power determination) in step S13. If it is thendecided in step S14 that the number of times the recording power levelhas been changed has not reached a predetermined number, the processingreturns to step S12, a portion having the predetermined length isspecified in the free space in the test recording area again, and testdata are recorded in the specified portion in step S12 at the new powerlevel. When the number of times the recording power level has beenchanged reaches the predetermined number in step S14, the processingproceeds to step S15. The portion having the predetermined length isspecified in the free space in step S12 by specifying a sector addressin the free space.

In step S14, whether the recording power level has reached (or beenreduced to) a predetermined value may be determined, instead of decidingwhether the number of times the recording power level has been changedhas reached a predetermined number.

In the above-described stepping of the recording power level, theinitial value is the upper limit (maximum value) Pomax in a range (R1)considered to be the maximum range of variation of the optimal recordingpower level due to all possible variations in the optical diskmanufacturing process and recording conditions (such as temperature),and the final value is the lower limit (minimum value) Pomin of thisrange (R1).

In step S15, the recorded test data are reproduced, the relationshipbetween the value of the recording power and the quality (jitter, forexample) of the reproduced signal is found as shown in FIG. 7, and therecording power generating the reproduced signal of the best quality(minimum jitter) is taken as the optimal recording power in step S16.

The optimal recording power may be obtained from the relationshipbetween the recording power level and the amplitude of the reproducedsignal, instead of the relationship between the recording power leveland jitter. This is because disc space in the test recording areas islimited in actual optical disc devices, and because it takes time tofind the relationship between the recording power level and jitter. Theoptimal recording power may also be obtained from the relationshipbetween the recording power level and an asymmetry value. The opticalrecording device then includes a reproduced signal amplitude detectingcircuit or an asymmetry value detecting circuit instead of the jitterdetecting circuit 68 in FIG. 3.

In the first embodiment, as described above, test recording areas aredisposed in adjacent recording layers in mutually non-overlappingpositions in the thickness direction of the optical disc. The reason isas follows. Because recordings are made in a test recording area bychanging the recording power level from a value smaller than theestimated optimal value to a value greater than the estimated optimalvalue, the recordings are partly made at a comparatively high recordingpower level. Because the recording power level is determinedindividually for each optical disc device, and would be difficult torestrict, there is a strong probability that recording in a testrecording area will affect the facing area, specifically, the arealocated in the adjacent recording layer and aligned in the thicknessdirection. In order to prevent such effects, the test recording areas inadjacent recording layers are disposed in mutually non-overlappingpositions in the thickness direction.

For example, when the recording power illuminates, e.g., the thirdrecording layer 13 in FIG. 8, some of the recording power is alsodelivered to the second recording layer 12, which is one layer nearerthe optical pickup 52. The magnitude of the effect produced differsdepending on the spacing between the recording layers; a greater spacingenlarges the diameter of the spot of light, lowers the energy density,and reduces the effect. In the adjacent recording layer (the secondrecording layer 12), however, the energy density is high enough that theeffect cannot be ignored.

The test recording areas in two recording layers such as the first andthird recording layers 11 and 13 that are separated by an interveningrecording layer are mutually aligned in the thickness direction for thefollowing reason.

First, when a recording is made in one of two recording layers separatedby an intervening recording layer, the effect described above on theother recording layer is comparatively small. For example, in FIG. 8,the effect on the first recording layer 11, which is separated by theadjacent second recording layer 12 from the third recording layer 13 onwhich the light is focused, is significantly less than the effect on thesecond recording layer 12, and can be ignored. This is because themagnitude of the effect decreases in proportion to the second power ofthe distance between the recording layers.

The same conclusion is reached by considering heat transfer paths. Sincethe recording layers include materials of comparatively high thermalconductivity such as metal film and dye, heat is transferred along eachrecording layer as indicated by arrows D1 to D4 in FIG. 8. Most of theheat is dissipated along the heat transfer path D3 in the thirdrecording layer 13, on which the light is focused, and along the heattransfer paths D2 and D4 in the adjacent second and fourth recordinglayers 12 and 14, leaving only a very small amount of heat to betransferred to the first recording layer 11.

In a recordable optical disc having at least three layers, placing thetest recording areas in all the recording layers in mutuallynon-overlapping positions could also be considered, but that would giverise to the following problem. For example, if the test recording area23 in the third recording layer 13 were to be placed in an area facingneither the test recording area 21 in the first recording layer 11 northe test recording area 22 in the second recording layer 12, the totalarea facing the test recording areas would be increased, and since thisfacing area is unsuited for the recording of normal user data, the usageefficiency of the recording areas would be reduced.

If, for example, the test recording areas were to be disposed inpositions facing a reproduce-only area, the structure of the recordinglayers of the optical disc (the location of the reproduce-only area)would vary from one recording layer to another, making the optical discmanufacturing process more complicated. Moreover, the addressingprograms used in the recording and reproducing device for test recordingand for the recording of user data would become more complex.

On the other hand, in the first embodiment, for example, the testrecording area 23 in the third recording layer 13 and the test recordingarea 21 in the first recording layer 11 are disposed in positionsaligned in the thickness direction, both facing the same area in theother layers. Thus no additional area in the other layers faces a testrecording area, and the identical alignment of areas in the thirdrecording layer 13 and the first recording layer 11, simplifies theoptical disc manufacturing process and the programming of the recordingand reproducing device.

Similarly, the test recording area 24 in the fourth recording layer 14and the test recording area 22 in the second recording layer 12 aredisposed in positions aligned in the thickness direction, so that thereis no new additional area facing the test recording area 24 in thefourth recording layer 14. The identical alignment of the fourthrecording layer 14 and the second recording layer 12 also simplifies theoptical disc manufacturing process and the program in the recording andreproducing device.

Although an optical disc having four layers has been described in thefirst embodiment, in an optical disc having only three layers or havingfive or more layers, the test recording areas in the odd-numberedrecording layers may be similarly formed in positions mutually alignedin the thickness direction, and the test recording areas in theeven-numbered recording layers may be formed in positions mutuallyaligned in the thickness direction.

Moreover, as described above, because the test recording areas 21 to 24are formed in positions facing non-recording areas 31 to 34, thefollowing effects are obtained. More specifically, if the test recordingareas in mutually adjacent layers were to overlap, a test recording madein one layer might affect the facing test area, so that when a testrecording was made in the facing test area later, it might not bepossible to carry out an accurate test. This problem is solved byplacing a non-recording area such as a reproduce-only area, which is notaffected by the recording power, in a position facing each testrecording area.

Although in the example described above, the reproduce-only area isidentical to the area facing the test recording area, the reproduce-onlyarea may also occupy an additional area not facing the test recordingarea. An example of such a structure is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. FIG. 9is an enlarged plan view of a central region of an optical disc, similarto FIG. 1, and FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view through line X-X inFIG. 9, similar to FIG. 2.

The optical disc in FIGS. 9 and 10 is similar to the optical disc inFIGS. 1 and 2. However, reproduce-only areas 41 and 43 in theodd-numbered recording layers 11 and 13 are formed in positions mutuallyaligned in the thickness direction, reproduce-only areas 42 and 44 inthe even-numbered recording layers 12 and 14 are formed in positionsmutually aligned in the thickness direction, and parts 41 a and 43 a ofthe reproduce-only areas 41 and 43 in the odd-numbered recording layers11 and 13 are formed in positions that do not overlap at least parts 42a and 44 a of the reproduce-only areas 42 and 44 in the even-numberedrecording layers 12 and 14 in the thickness direction of the opticaldisc.

The test recording areas 22 and 24 in the even-numbered recording layers12 and 14 are formed in positions facing parts 41 b and 43 b of theseparts 41 a and 43 a of the reproduce-only areas 41 and 43 in theodd-numbered recording layers 11 and 13, and the test recording areas 21and 23 in the odd-numbered recording layers 11 and 13 are formed inpositions facing parts 42 b and 44 b of parts 42 a and 44 a of thereproduce-only areas 42 and 44 in the even-numbered recording layers 12and 14.

The test recording areas 22 and 24 in the even-numbered recording layers12 and 14 may be formed in positions facing all of parts 41 a and 43 aof the reproduce-only areas 41 and 43 in the odd-numbered recordinglayers 11 and 13, and the test recording areas 21 and 23 in theodd-numbered recording layers 11 and 13 may be formed in positionsfacing all of parts 42 a and 44 a of the reproduce-only areas 42 and 44in the even-numbered recording layers 12 and 14.

In order to form the optical disc shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, first, anoptical disc in which the reproduce-only areas 41 to 44 are formed asshown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is obtained. Next, in the recording layers 11 to14, the test recording areas 21 to 24 are formed in positions shown inFIGS. 9 and 10 by making a test recording in each recording layer as inthe procedure described above.

In the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the non-recording areas 31 to 34facing the test recording areas 21 to 24 are reproduce-only areas, butthe non-recording areas 31 to 34 need not be reproduce-only areas. Ifthe test recording areas face reproduce-only areas, recording andreproducing in the test recording areas may be affected by pits in thereproduce-only areas; this problem is solved by placing thereproduce-only areas in areas not facing the test recording areas, andusing the areas facing the test recording areas as non-recording areasthat are not reproduce-only areas. An example of such an alignment ofrecording areas is shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. FIG. 11 is a plan view,similar to FIG. 1, and FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view throughline XII-XII in FIG. 11, similar to FIG. 2.

The optical disc in FIGS. 11 and 12 is similar to the optical disc inFIGS. 1 and 2. However, the areas 31 to 34 facing the test recordingareas 21 to 24 are non-recording areas that are not reproduce-onlyareas, and reproduce-only areas 41 to 44 are formed in positions outwardof and adjacent to the test recording areas 21 to 24 and the facingareas 31 to 34.

In the optical disc in FIGS. 9 and 10, and the optical disc in FIGS. 11and 12, before a test recording in each recording layer (one of therecording layers 11 to 14), the recording device reads recordingconditions from the reproduce-only area (one of the reproduce-only areas41 to 44) in the same recording layer, then moves the focal point of theoptical pickup to the test recording area, and makes the test recording.Recording conditions for the test recording, or at least the initialvalues used in the test recording, are set according to the recordingconditions read from the reproduce-only area.

As described above, if a reproduce-only area which stores recordingconditions is placed in a position adjacent to a test recording area, anadvantage is that after the processing for reading of the recordingconditions is carried out, the distance traveled by the focal point tothe area that records test data can be shortened, so the time requiredfor a test recording can also be shortened.

Second Embodiment

FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view of an exemplary optical disc on whichtest data have been recorded by a recording method according to a secondembodiment of this invention. In the optical disc 2 shown in FIG. 13,four recording layers are formed: a first recording layer 11, a secondrecording layer 12, a third recording layer 13, and a fourth recordinglayer 14, in order of their distance from the surface, similar to theoptical disc 1 in FIGS. 1 and 2. In the first, second, third, and fourthrecording layers 11, 12, 13, 14, test recording areas 21, 22, 23, 24 fordetermining the optimal recording power for each recording layer areformed.

In the first embodiment, the test recording areas in the odd-numberedlayers and the even-numbered layers are all formed near the inner edgeof the optical disc 1, that is, near the innermost circumference 1 a,but in the second embodiment, although the test recording areas 21 and23 in the odd-numbered layers 11 and 13 are located near the inner edge,that is, near the innermost circumference 1 a, the test recording areas22 and 24 in the even-numbered layers 12 and 14 are disposed near theouter edge, that is, near the outermost circumference 1 b.

An advantage of this type of arrangement is as follows. Since the testrecording area 21 in the first recording layer 11 is formed near theinner edge, for example, a recording in the first recording layer 11starts near the inner edge; a test recording is made in the testrecording area near the inner edge; then user data are recordedsequentially from the inner edge toward the outer edge, and therecording in the first recording layer 11 ends near the outer edge.

When a test recording is made near the inner edge, because the focalpoint is first moved to the outwardly adjacent reproduce-only area toread the information about recording conditions, the focal point mustthen move slightly inward, but this is a comparatively small movement (asmall amount of travel in the radial direction), so it is true as awhole that the recording proceeds from the inner edge toward the outeredge, even if the focal point moves as described above.

Next, in order to start recording in the second recording layer 12, thefocal point has to be moved from the first recording layer 11 to thesecond recording layer 12. If the test recording area 22 in the secondrecording layer 12 were to be formed near the inner edge, the focalpoint would have to be moved from the outer edge to the inner edge,requiring extra access time. If the test recording area 22 is formednear the outer edge as in the second embodiment, such travel of thefocal point in the second recording layer 12 (until it reaches the testrecording area 22) is unnecessary; when the recording in the firstrecording layer 11 ends, the focal point is near the outer edge, so itonly has to be moved from the first recording layer 11 to the secondrecording layer; a test recording is made in the test recording area 22near the outer edge; then user data are recorded, proceeding from theouter edge toward the inner edge. The time for a test recording canaccordingly be shortened.

Similarly, when all recording (test recording and the recording of userdata) in the second recording layer 12 is completed, the focal point isnear the inner edge of the optical disc, and when the focal point ismoved from the second recording layer 12 to the third recording layer 13to start recording in the third recording layer 13, since the testrecording area 23 is formed near the inner edge, no movement of thefocal point in the third recording layer 13 is necessary, so the timefor the test recording can be shortened.

Similarly, when all recording (test recording and the recording of userdata) in the third recording layer 13 is completed, the focal point isnear the outer edge of the optical disc, and when the focal point ismoved from the third recording layer 13 to the fourth recording layer 14to start recording in the fourth recording layer 14, since the testrecording area 24 is formed near the outer edge, no movement of thefocal point in the fourth recording layer 14 is necessary, so the timefor the test recording can also be shortened.

The time for test recording can thus be shortened because the testrecording areas 21 and 23 in the odd-numbered first and third recordinglayers 11 and 13 are formed near the inner edge and the test recordingareas 22 and 24 in the even-numbered second and fourth recording layersare formed near the outer edge, as described above.

Instead of this arrangement, the test recording areas 21 and 23 in theodd-numbered first and third recording layers 11 and 13 may be formednear the outer edge and the test recording areas 22 and 24 in theeven-numbered second and fourth recording layers may be formed near theinner edge; a similar effect is also obtained in this case.

The procedures for making test recordings by using each recording areaand determining the optimal recording power for each recording layer arethe same as in the first embodiment.

Third Embodiment

FIG. 14 is a schematic plan view of an exemplary optical disc on whichtest data have been recorded by a recording method according to a thirdembodiment of this invention. In the optical disc 2 shown in FIG. 14,four recording layers are formed: a first recording layer 11, a secondrecording layer 12, a third recording layer 13, and a fourth recordinglayer 14, in order of their distance from the surface, similar to theoptical disc 1 in FIGS. 1 and 2 and the optical disc in FIG. 13. Theoptical disc 2 in FIG. 14 differs from the optical disc 1 in FIGS. 1 and2 and the optical disc 2 in FIG. 13 by having test recording areas nearboth the inner edge, that is, the innermost circumference 1 a, and theouter edge, that is, the outermost circumference 1 b, in each recordinglayer. More specifically, the first recording layer 11 has a testrecording area 21A near the inner edge, and a test recording area 21Bnear the outer edge. Similarly, the second, third, and fourth recordinglayers 12, 13, 14 have test recording areas 22A, 23A, 24A near the inneredge, and test recording areas 22B, 23B, 24B near the outer edge,respectively.

An advantage of forming test recording areas in each layer near both theinner edge and the outer edge as described above is as follows. Whenrecording on the optical disc is performed at high speed, in order toobtain the same linear velocity, the optical disc has to be rotated nearthe inner edge almost twice as fast as near the outer edge, but thisoften exceeds the limit within which the disc motor can be used. Whenrecording on the optical disc is performed at high speed, becauseconditions near the inner edge differ considerably from conditions nearthe outer edge, the optimal recording power obtained by making testrecordings in a test recording area near the inner edge may beinappropriate for use in recording user data near the outer edge. Theoptimal recording power obtained by making test recordings in a testrecording area near the outer edge may also be inappropriate for use inrecording user data near the inner edge. This problem is solved byforming test recording areas near both the inner edge and the outeredge, as shown in FIG. 14, and determining the optimal recording powerby using both the optimal recording power obtained by making testrecordings in the test recording area near the inner edge and theoptimal recording power obtained by making test recordings in the testrecording area near the outer edge, together with the radial position atwhich the user data are recorded. For example, the optimal recordingpower obtained by making test recordings in the test recording area nearthe inner edge may be used for recording user data near the inner edge,specifically, inward of a predetermined position in the radialdirection, e.g., the midpoint position, and the optimal recording powerobtained by making test recordings in the test recording area near theouter edge may be used for recording user data near the outer edge,specifically, outward of a predetermined position in the radialdirection, e.g., the midpoint position. Alternatively, user data may berecorded by using a recording power obtained by taking a weightedaverage of the optimal recording power obtained by making testrecordings in the test recording area near the inner edge and theoptimal recording power obtained by making test recordings in the testrecording area near the outer edge, weighted according to the recordingposition of the user data (the radial position).

Fourth Embodiment

Although a procedure for test recording has been described in relationto the first embodiment above, test recordings can be made by adiffering procedure described below, instead of the procedure in thefirst embodiment.

More specifically, in the first embodiment, test recordings in eachrecording layer are made in a sequence of operations in which, in therecording of the test data, the recording power level is changed (stepS13 in FIG. 5) in steps of a width set at a value necessary fordetermining the optimal recording power with sufficient accuracy, butthe procedure described above may be performed in plurality of stages.

A procedure performed in two stages will be described below. The firststage is, as it were, a coarse adjustment: test data are recorded at aplurality of recording power values differing by a first predeterminedstep width in a test recording area, the recorded test data arereproduced, and an approximate value of the optimal recording power isdetermined by evaluating the reproduction results. The second stage is,as it were, a fine adjustment: test data are recorded at a plurality ofrecording power values in a range near the approximate value of theoptimal recording power, differing by a second predetermined step widthsmaller than the first predetermined step width in the test recordingarea, the recorded test data are reproduced, and a more precise value ofthe optimal recording power is determined by evaluating the reproductionresults.

In the coarse adjustment, for example, the recording power level ischanged in steps of a comparatively large width throughout a range (amaximum range) considered to include all possible values of the optimalrecording power level despite variations in the optical diskmanufacturing process and recording conditions (such as temperature),and a range around the approximate value of the optimal recording power,i.e., a range determined to include the optimal recording power, isobtained under the current recording conditions for each recording layerin the currently used optical disc. In the fine adjustment, therecording power level is changed in steps of a comparatively small widthin the range determined to include the optimal recording power, and theoptimal recording power is obtained.

In the coarse adjustment, for example, in the maximum range R1, therecording power level is changed in steps of a comparatively large widthΔP1, and the optimal value Po is found to be included in the range froma recording power Pq to a recording power (Pq−ΔP1), as shown in FIGS. 15and 16. In the fine adjustment, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, therecording power level is changed in steps of a width ΔP2 smaller thanstep width ΔP1 in the range from recording power Pq to recording power(Pq−ΔP1), and the optimal value Po is determined.

FIGS. 19 and 20 are flowcharts showing the processes described above. Ofthese processes, the process of the coarse adjustment shown in FIG. 19is broadly the same as the process in FIG. 5, steps S21 to S27corresponding to steps S11 to S17, respectively, but the step width bywhich the recording power is changed in step S23 is larger than the stepwidth in step S13. In step S26, the optimal recording power is notdetermined as in step S16; instead, a process for determining a rangethat includes the optimal recording power is performed.

The fine adjustment process shown in FIG. 20 is broadly the same as theprocess in FIG. 5, steps S31 to S37 corresponding to steps S11 to S17,respectively, but the initial value of the initialized recording powerlevel in step S31 is set at the upper limit of the range determined instep S26. In step S34, in which whether the predetermined changes of therecording power level have been completed is decided, whether therecording power level has reached the lower limit in the rangedetermined in step S26 is determined.

When the procedure is performed in two stages as described above, thefine adjustment may be performed at once after the coarse adjustmentends, or after the coarse adjustment and another procedure end.

For example, when an optical disc has a plurality of recording layers,e.g., two recording layers, and user data are recorded first in one ofthe recording layers (the first recording layer), then in the otherrecording layer (the second recording layer), before the recording ofuser data starts in the first recording layer, a test recording may bemade in the first recording layer and the first-stage test recording(the coarse adjustment) described above may be made in the secondrecording layer; then, after the recording of user data ends in thefirst recording layer and before the recording of user data starts inthe second recording layer, the second-stage procedure (the fineadjustment) described above may be performed.

When a continuous recording is made across the first and secondrecording layers, the interval from when the recording of user data endsin the first recording layer to when the recording of user data startsin the second recording layer is preferably short. On the other hand,since recording conditions (such as temperature) change from time totime, most preferably, the fine adjustment is performed in a givenrecording layer just before the start of the recording of user data inthat recording layer. The procedure described above satisfies these tworequirements.

In the procedure described above, the first-stage process (the coarseadjustment) may be performed in the second recording layer either beforeor after the test recording in the first recording layer. The testrecording in the first recording layer may be made in two stages, or inone stage as described with reference to FIG. 5.

Moreover, when the recording of user data in the first recording layeris suspended for a time of sufficient length to perform the first-stagetest recording (the coarse adjustment) in the second recording layer,the coarse adjustment may be performed in the second recording layerduring the suspension. The essential point is that if the coarseadjustment is performed in the second recording layer before therecording of user data ends in the first recording layer, then the timefrom the end of the recording of user data in the first recording layerto the start of recording of user data in the second recording layer canbe shortened because only the fine adjustment is required in the secondrecording layer.

Fifth Embodiment

Although the recording of user data in each recording layer is precededby a test recording in the first embodiment, in an alternative process,test recordings (steps S1 to S3) may be made in several or all of therecording layers in an optical disc before the recording of user datastarts in any of those recording layers.

In this case, after test data are recorded (steps S11 to S14 in FIG. 5)in one recording layer and reproduced (step S15), and the optimalrecording power is determined (step S16), test data may be recorded(steps S11 to S14) in another recording layer, or after test data arerecorded in a plurality of recording layers (steps S11 to S14), the testdata may be reproduced in succession in the plurality of recordinglayers (step S15), and the optimal recording powers may be determined(step S16) in the plurality of recording layers.

If the recording of user data starts after test recordings have beenmade in a plurality of recording layers as described above, when acontinuous recording spans one recording layer (the first recordinglayer) and another recording layer (the second recording layer), anadvantage is that the recording of user data starts in the secondrecording layer immediately after the recording of user data ends in thefirst recording layer (because no test recording is necessary).

Whether to make a test recording before user data are recorded in eachrecording layer or to make a plurality of test recordings before userdata are recorded in a plurality of recording layers as described abovecan also be selected. For example, a recording device may include acontrol input means for making a selection, so that a user can make aselection by operating the control input means. When the user makes arecording that is expected to extend over a plurality of recordinglayers, for example, the user may, by operating the control input means,have test recordings made in that plurality of recording layers.

When test recordings are made before user data are recorded in aplurality of recording layers as described above, if the test recordingareas in all recording layers are formed near the inner edge of theoptical disc as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, or alternatively, if the testrecording areas in all recording layers are formed near the outer edgeof the optical disc, then the focal point remains located near the inneredge or the outer edge and only has to be moved between recordinglayers, with the effect of shortening the test recording time.

Sixth Embodiment

Although the first to fifth embodiments have been described as making atest recording before user data are recorded in each recording layer andrecording user data in the recording layer at the optimal recordingpower thereby determined, this does not necessarily mean that the samerecording power has to be used across all of the recording layer; duringthe recording of user data in each recording layer, temperaturevariations etc. may be detected and the power may be adjustedaccordingly.

When the recording of user data is suspended during the recording ofuser data in a recording layer, a test recording may be made, forexample, and a newly determined optimal recording power may be used forrecording subsequent user data.

The condition for making a new test recording in each recording layer asdescribed above may be a temperature change greater than or equal to apredetermined value, or a lapse of at least a predetermined time fromthe previous test recording.

Seventh Embodiment

Even when the recording of user data (step S4) starts after testrecordings (steps S1 to S3) have been made in several or all of therecording layers in the optical disc as described in the fifthembodiment, for example, if the recording of user data is suspendedduring the recording of user data in one recording layer, a testrecording may be made, and a newly determined optimal recording powermay used for the subsequent recording of user data in that one recordinglayer; in this case, when the recording of user data ends in the onerecording layer and begins in a new recording layer, the recording ofuser data in the new recording layer may start at a recording powerlevel determined from the recording power level that was used at theconclusion of the recording of user data in the previous recording layerand the ratio between the respective optimal recording power levelsobtained for the two recording layers when test recordings were firstmade in the plurality of recording layers.

For example, suppose that test recordings are made before the recordingof user data starts in first and second recording layers, the optimalrecording power levels in the first and second recording layers aredetermined as Po1 a and Po2 a. The recording of user data then starts inthe first recording layer with use of recording power Po1 a, but therecording is discontinued and a new test recording is made, yielding anew optimal recording power Po1 b. The subsequent recording in the firstrecording layer is made with use of this optimal recording power Po1 b,so the optimal recording power in use at the conclusion of the recordingof user data in the first recording layer is Po1 b. The ratio betweenthe respective optimal recording power levels obtained for the tworecording layers when test recordings were first made in the pluralityof the recording layers is Po2 a/Po1 a. The optimal recording power Po1b and the ratio Po2 a/Po1 a are used to calculate a power level Po2 b asfollows

Po2b=Po1b×(Po2a/Po1a)

and Po2 b is used as the optimal recording power when the recording ofuser data starts in the second recording layer.

Consequently, when a continuous recording is made across the first andsecond recording layers, an advantage is that the recording of user datastarts in the second recording layer immediately after the recording ofuser data ends in the first recording layer (because no test recordingis necessary).

Moreover, if the suspension of the recording of user data in onerecording layer is comparatively long and provides sufficient time tomake test recordings in the one recording layer and the next recordinglayer that will be used for recording, test recordings may be made againin both the one recording layer and the next recording layer, while ifthe suspension time during the recording of user data in the onerecording layer is comparatively short and does not provide sufficientlength to make test recordings in both recording layers, but doesprovide sufficient length to make a test recording in the one recordinglayer, a test recording may be made again in only the one recordinglayer. The recording of user data may then start in the next recordinglayer at a power level determined by use of the recording power that wasused at the conclusion of the recording of user data in the onerecording layer and the ratio between the optimal recording power levelsobtained for the two recording layers when the last simultaneous testrecordings were made in the two recording layers.

In this case also, whether to make the recording as described above maybe selected by the user by operating a control input means.

1. A recording method for an optical disc having a recording layer,including a step of recording and reproducing test data for determiningthe optimal recording power when user data are recorded in the recordinglayer, and determining the optimal recording power by evaluating thereproduction results, wherein the test data are recorded near both aninnermost circumference and an outermost circumference of the recordinglayer and the optimal recording power is determined for each, and whenthe user data are recorded, the optimal recording power determined nearthe innermost circumference, the optimal recording power determined nearthe outermost circumference, and the radial position at which the userdata are recorded are used to determine the optimal recording power forrecording the user data at said position.
 2. The recording method for anoptical disc of claim 1, wherein the optimal recording power determinedby performing processing from the recording of the test data in the testdata area near the innermost circumference of the optical disc to thedetermination of the optimal recording power is used in the recording ofuser data inward of a predetermined position in the radial direction,and the optimal recording power determined by performing processing fromthe recording of the test data in the test data area near the outermostcircumference of the optical disc to the determination of the optimalrecording power is used in the recording of user data outward of apredetermined position in the radial direction.
 3. The recording methodfor an optical disc of claim 1, wherein the user data are recorded witha recording power obtained by taking a weighted average of the optimalrecording power determined by performing processing from the recordingof the test data in the test data area near the innermost circumferenceof the optical disc to the determination of the optimal recording powerand the optimal recording power determined by performing processing fromthe recording of the test data in the test data area near the outermostcircumference of the optical disc to the determination of the optimalrecording power according to the radial position at which the user dataare recorded used as the optimal recording power at that recordingposition.
 4. A recording method for an optical disc, including: a firststep of recording test data at a plurality of mutually differingrecording power values differing in steps of a first predetermined widthin a test recording area in a recording layer, reproducing the recordedtest data, and evaluating the reproduction results to determine anapproximate value of the optimal recording power; a second step ofrecording test data at a plurality of mutually differing recording powervalues in a range near said approximate value of the optimal recordingpower, differing in steps of a second predetermined width smaller thanthe first predetermined width, in the test recording area in therecording layer, reproducing the recorded test data, and evaluating thereproduction results to determine a more precise value of the optimalrecording power; and a third step of recording user data according tothe more precise value of the optimal recording power.
 5. The recordingmethod for an optical disc of claim 4, wherein the optical disc has atleast a first recording layer and a second recording layer; and whenuser data are recorded in the second recording layer after user datahave been recorded in the first recording layer, said first step isperformed on the second recording layer before the recording of the userdata in the first recording layer ends, and said second step isperformed on the second recording layer after the recording of the userdata in the first recording layer ends and before the recording of theuser data in the second recording layer begins.
 6. A recording methodfor an optical disc having a plurality of recording layers, therecording method including a step of recording and reproducing test datain the recording layers, and determining the optimal recording power byevaluating the reproduction results, wherein the process of determiningthe optimal recording power by recording and reproducing the test dataand evaluating the reproduction results is carried out in the pluralityof recording layers before the recording of the user data in theplurality of recording layers.
 7. A recording method for an optical dischaving first and second recording layers, the recording method includinga step of recording and reproducing test data in the recording layers,and determining the optimal recording power by evaluating thereproduction results, wherein when user data are recorded in the secondrecording layer after the recording of the user data in the firstrecording layer, the processing from the recording of the test data tothe determination of the optimal recording power is performedsimultaneously in the first and second recording layers before therecording of the user data in the first recording layer ends, and theoptimum recording power is determined for recording in the first andsecond recording layers; then the processing from the recording of thetest data to the determination of the optimum recording power isperformed in the first recording layer to determine a new optimalrecording power for the first recording layer; after the new optimalrecording power has been determined, subsequent recording of user datain the first recording layer is carried out using the new optimalrecording power; and recording of the user data in the second recordinglayer begins at a recording power determined by use of the recordingpower that was used at the conclusion of the recording of user data inthe first recording layer and a ratio between the respective optimalrecording powers obtained for the recording layers when the processingfrom the recording of the test data to the determination of the optimalrecording power was carried out simultaneously in the first and secondrecording layers before.
 8. A recording method for an optical dischaving at least three recording layers, the method including a step ofrecording and reproducing test data for determining the optimalrecording power when user data are recorded in each recording layer, anddetermining the optimal recording power by evaluating the reproductionresults, wherein when test recording areas are formed by recording thetest data, the test recording areas in the odd-numbered recording layersand the test recording areas in the even-numbered recording layers donot overlap in the thickness direction of the optical disc, the testrecording areas in the odd-numbered recording layers are mutuallyaligned in the thickness direction, and the test recording layers in theeven-numbered recording layers are mutually aligned in the thicknessdirection wherein non-reproducing areas of the odd numbered recordinglayers are mutually aligned in the thickness direction of the testrecording areas of the even numbered layers and vice versa.
 9. Anoptical disc having at least three recording layers, in each of which atest recording area is formed by recording test data for determining theoptimal recording power when user data are recorded, wherein the testrecording areas in the odd-numbered recording layers and the testrecording areas in the even-numbered recording layers do not overlap inthe thickness direction of the optical disc, the test recording areas inthe odd-numbered recording layers are mutually aligned in the thicknessdirection, and the test recording areas in the even-numbered recordinglayers are mutually aligned in the thickness direction, whereinnon-reproducing areas of the odd numbered recording layers are mutuallyaligned in the thickness direction of the test recording areas of theeven numbered layers and vice versa.